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Friday, 9 December 2016
HTML Attributes
HTML Elements
This is a paragraph
This is a link HTML Element Syntax An HTML element starts with a start tag An HTML element ends with an end tag The element content is everything between the start and end tag Some HTML elements have empty content Some HTML elements have a missing end tag Note: The start tag can have additional information (attributes). See next chapter. Nested HTML Elements Most HTML elements can be nested (can contain other HTML elements). Most HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements. HTML Document ExampleThis is my first paragraph
The example above contains 3 HTML elements:This is my first paragraph
Theelement defines a paragraph in the HTML document: The element has a start tag
and an end tag
The element content is: This is my first paragraphThis is my first paragraph
The element defines the body of the HTML document The element has a start tag and an end tag The element content is another element (a paragraph)This is my first paragraph
The element defines the whole HTML document. The element has a start tag and an end tag The element content is another element (the body) Empty HTML Elements HTML elements without content are called empty elements. Empty elements have no end tag.is an empty element without a closing tag. In XHTML, XML, and future versions of HTML, all elements must be closed. Adding a slash to the start tag, like
, is the proper way of closing empty elements, accepted by HTML, XHTML and XML. Even if
works in all browsers, writing
instead is more future proof. HTML Tip - Lowercase Tags HTML tags are not case sensitive:
means the same as
. Plenty of web sites use uppercase HTML tags in their pages. W3Schools use lowercase tags because the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase in HTML 4, and demands lowercase tags in newer versions of (X)HTML.
HTML Text Formatting
Defines computer code text
Defines keyboard text
Defines sample computer code
Defines teletype text
Defines a variable
Defines preformatted text
Deprecated. Use instead
Deprecated. Use <pre> instead
<xmp>
Deprecated. Use <pre> instead
Citations, Quotations, and Definition Tags
Tag
Description
<abbr>
Defines an abbreviation
<acronym>
Defines an acronym
<address>
Defines an address element
<bdo>
Defines the text direction
<blockquote>
Defines a long quotation
<q>
Defines a short quotation
<cite>
Defines a citation
<dfn>
Defines a definition term
HTML Paragraphs
tag.
This is a paragraph
This is another paragraph
Note: Browsers automatically adds an empty line before and after paragraphs. Don't Forget the End Tag Most browsers will display HTML correctly even if you forget the end tag:This is a paragraph
This is another paragraph
The example above will work in most browsers, but don't rely on it. Forgetting the end tag can produce unexpected results or errors.
Note: Future version of HTML will not allow you to skip end tags.
HTML Line Breaks
Use the
tag if you want a line break (a new line) without starting a new paragraph:
This is
a para
graph with line breaks
tag is an empty tag. It has no end tag like
. You can read more about empty HTML tags in the next chapters of this tutorial.
or
In XHTML, XML, and future versions of HTML, tags with no end tags (closing tags) are not allowed. Even if
works in all browsers, writing
instead is more future proof. HTML Rules (Lines) The
tag is used to create an horizontal rule (line). Example:
This is a paragraph
This is a paragraph
This is a paragraph
HTML Output - Useful Tips You cannot be sure how HTML will be displayed. Large or small screens, and resized windows will create different results. With HTML, you cannot change the output by adding extra spaces or extra lines in your HTML code. The browser will remove extra spaces and extra lines when the page is displayed. Any number of lines count as one space, and any number of spaces count as one space. HTML Tag Reference When you lookup W3Schools' tag reference, you will see additional information about tags and their attributes. You will learn more about HTML tag attributes in the next chapters of this tutorial. Tag Description
Defines a paragraph
Inserts a single line break
Defines a horizontal rule
HTML Headings
to
tags.
defines the largest heading.
defines the smallest heading.
This is a heading
This is a heading
This is a heading
Note: Browsers automatically adds an empty line before and after headings. Headings Are Important Use the HTML heading tags for headings only. Don't use headings to make something BIG or bold. Search engines use your headings to index the structure and content of your web pages. Since users may skim your pages by its headings, it is important to use headings to show the document structure. H1 headings should be used as main headings, followed by H2 headings, and less important H3 headings, and so on. HTML Comments Comments can be inserted in the HTML code to make it more readable and understandable. Comments are ignored by the browser and not displayed. Comments are written like this: Note: There is an exclamation point after the opening bracket, but not before the closing bracket. HTML Tip - How to View HTML Source Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered "Hey! How did they do that?" To find out, click the VIEW option in your browser's toolbar and select SOURCE or PAGE SOURCE. This will open a window that shows you the HTML code of the page. HTML Tag Reference When you lookup W3Schools' tag reference, you will see additional information about tags and their attributes. You will learn more about HTML tag attributes in the next chapters of this tutorial. Tag Description Defines an HTML document Defines the document's bodyto
Defines header 1 to header 6 Defines a comment
HTML - Getting Started
What Do You Need? You don't need any tools to learn HTML at W3Schools. You don't need any HTML editor You don't need a web server You don't need a web site Editing HTML In this tutorial we use a plain text editor (like Notepad) to edit HTML. We believe this is the best way to learn HTML. However, professional web developers often prefer HTML editors like FrontPage or Dreamweaver, instead of writing plain text. Creating Your Own Test Web If you just want to learn HTML, skip the rest of this chapter. If you want to create a test web on your own computer, just copy the 3 files below to your desktop. (Right click on each link, and select "save target as" or "save link as") After you have copied the files, you can double-click on the file called "mainpage.htm" and see your first web site in action. Use Your Test Web For Learning We suggest you experiment with everything you learn at W3Schools by editing your web files with a text editor (like Notepad). Note: If your first web site contains HTML markup tags you have not learned yet, don't panic. You will learn much more HTML in the next chapters.
HTM or HTML Extension? When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html extension. We use .htm in our examples. It is a habit from the past, when the software only allowed three letters in file extensions. With new software it is perfectly safe to use .html.